Monday, June 16, 2008

The Cash Investor V.S. The Leveraged Investor...Who Wins?

Other than inheritance, there are 2 main ways to acquire real estate...pay cash or get a loan. There has always been an ongoing debate by investors as to which is the better method. The truth of the matter is, both have their strengths and weakness' depending on the real estate cycle we're in. My bias is to the Cash investor methodology because it is my method of choice as it has allowed me to thrive in what has been a very difficult real estate climate for most. My Leveraged investor friends and associates have struggled in this climate and in some cases have failed to survive. For those of you fortunate enough to have a choice in you purchase method, I will lay out cases for each.

The Cash Investor: Have you ever heard of the saying, "Cash is king"? Cash is "King" and for good reason. A cash buyer doesn't have to worry about qualifying for a loan which could make or break his investment. Timing is everything and without cash, your time table is at the mercy of the lender's underwriting team and associated loan processing departments. Inversely, the seller doesn't have to worry about the buyer not being able to fund the purchase which adds a sense of seriousness and legitimacy to the Cash buyer's offer.

Cash investors who buy real estate for the purpose of generating rental income will be at an advantage over the leveraged investor due to lower overhead. If you take out a loan to purchase a rental property, you will have to come up with the monthly mortgage whether you have it rented out or not. Most mortgage payments are amortized which means the banks get their profits upfront with each and every payment (most monthly mortgage payments are comprised of 95% interest profit to the bank leaving only 5% going to decreasing your loan balance). If your rental is vacant, this money will come from your own reserves and when you include Property tax, insurance, maintenance, HOA dues, advertising, Property management fees, utilities and Misc. assessments, you can be out of pocket a pretty penny. The Cash investors in this situation have no monthly mortgage expense which allows them to save the profits the banks made on the Leveraged investor. Cash buyers can also be more competitive with their rents over the Leveraged investor since they don't have the additional monthly mortgage payment. The investor who has to get a loan will try to set a rent that covers the mortgage which may be quite high. Being a Cash investor allows far more price flexibility, and lower rents reduce rental vacancy periods which increase investor profits.

The Leveraged Investor: Donald Trump is famous for his ability to leverage (borrow) money for his Real Estate investment purposes. Although this technique has put a few bankruptcies in his file, he has managed to master the art of leverage and remain a dominant force in real estate. The idea behind borrowing other people's money to buy real estate is that you can make a profit from the sale of property purchased with the bank's money and not your own. This is a very attractive method for those investors with limited liquidity. In some cases, this is the only choice the investor has to invest in property but it must only be done when we're in an appreciation cycle. When the real estate market cycle is appreciating, money can be made if the property goes up in value enough to offset the following: Interest that you paid to the bank via mortgage payments, commissions to the Real Estate agents, escrow fees, closing costs on the buy and sell side, Capital Gains tax due to state and federal authorities, and any other costs related to the disposition of the property.

Leveraged buying in the right conditions can allow an investor to invest in many more properties than would have been possible otherwise. The profit potential can be substantial if timed right. If timed wrong though, it could lead to financial ruin. When you borrow from a lender, someone other than yourself is setting the terms of the contractual obligation. If these obligations aren't met, you could lose the property(s) to foreclosure. This is what is currently happening to investors all over the country. Putting someone else in control of your investments (the Banks) can be a blessing or a curse depending on market conditions beyond your control. I personally like to be in control over my investments making leveraged investing very unattractive for me. Time is not on the side of the Leveraged investor because payments are due the bank regardless of market conditions. If you don't have the reserves to weather the storm of market corrections and volatility, you should limit your risk by being conservative with the number of properties you buy through leveraged investing.

I believe the Cash investor wins over the Leveraged investor if the goal is to manage overhead expenses and reduce investment risk. The Leveraged investor has the potential to make substantially more money than the Cash investor due to the volume of investments that can be achieved but has a risk potential that can lead to financial ruin if the market drops in value. The choice is yours, make your decision wisely.

Friday, June 6, 2008

Picking Good Tenants Requires Some Discipline.

Finding a qualified tenant for your rental property can be a challenge at times. Although I've come close, I've never had to evict anyone from my rental properties. When talking to fellow investors about tenants and eviction, it's clear that my track record does not fall within the norm. I'd like to share with you a few guidelines I use in the tenant selection process. These guidelines may help you avoid the hassles involved in evicting future tenants.

1) One-Third Rule: People will often try to live beyond their means. The rent should not be more than 1/3 of the tenant's gross income. Requiring your future tenants to earn 3x the monthly rent will help assure consistent and timely rent payments. Tenants that live beneath their means tend to be the best tenants.

2) Landlord Reference: I've never understood the value of personal references on rental applications. Why would the applicant put down a reference that would speak badly of them? Right? References should be chosen by the landlord. You should always ask the applicant to list their last landlord as one of the references whenever possible. If the applicant can't give you this information, clearly this is a RED FLAG.

3) The Subtle Oral Interview: Liars will be very inconsistent with the things they tell you. During rental property showings, I ask many questions. Often, I will ask the same question in many different ways. It's amazing how often applicants will give you different answers to the same question. Again, another RED FLAG to watch out for.

4) Distance From Employment: Renting can often be an emotional decision for tenants and lack logic. If an applicant works 45 minutes to an hour away, there's a good chance they will tire of the drive and eventually want to live closer to their employment. This may not lead to eviction, but it may force the tenant to try to get out of their lease early.

The more common methods for assessing a tenant's qualifications such as credit score and criminal background checks are obviously useful, but the fore mentioned guidelines can be easily implemented to assess the likelihood of future problems.